ADVANCE CHEMISTRY FULL NOTES

1. 10 ml of a gaseous hydrocarbon was mixed with 100ml of oxygen and the mixture exploded in a eudiometer tube. The volume of the mixture after cooling was reduced to 90ml which upon treatment with potash solution was further reduced to 70ml. Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon.

2. 8ml of hydrocarbon were exploded with 70ml of O2, the resulting gas volume was measured under the same conditions of atmosphere ( temperature) and pressure and was found to be 58ml. This on shaking with a solution of KOH decreases to 26ml. A hydrocarbon gave a red ppt with ammonical CuCl solution. Determine the structural formula of the hydrocarbon.

3. An Iodoalkane A ( 0.85g) was boiled under reflux with 100cc and 0.125M NaOH aqueous solution. The resulting mixture after cooling was titrated with 0.125M HCl. 60cc of the acid was required for complete neutralization. Give the molecular formula of the Iodoalkane and hence suggest the structure.

4. An alkene A contains one double bond per molecule 0.56g of bromine is required to react completely with 0.294 of A. Ozonolysis of A followed by hydrolysis of then by oxidation gave a monocarboxylic acid B. 0.74g of the acid needed 100cc of 0.1M NaOH solution for neutralization. Ditermine the structural formula of A and B ( Br = 80g/mol).

5. A gaseous organic compound A contains carbon and hydrogen only. A volume of A require an equal volume of H for complete reduction of B. A react with HCl to produce C, containing 37.2% C , 7.7% H, and 5.5% Cl. C reacts with KCN to produce D. D react with NaOH to produce alkaline gas and with dilute H2SO4 to produce E. Give the structural formula of A, B, C, D, and E.

6. Compound R decolourizes bromine water to give S ( C6H13OBr). R decolourizes acidified KMnO4 solution to give T( C6H1402). Ozonolysis of R gives to products U ( C2H4O) and V ( C4H8O). Give a structural formula of each compound R, S, T, U and V and write the chemical reactions to show the reaction taking place in each.

7. A bromohydrocarbon contain 52.9% of Bromine, was treated with alcoholic potash and the resulting products was oxidized with hot concentrated KMnO4. Two compounds A and B was formed. A contains 40.4% C, 5.73%H. 0.2g of A needed 33.3cm3 of 0.1M NaOH for neutralization. B is a oketone containing 62.1%C, 10.43%H and a vapour density 29. Identify the hydrocarbon and the structural formula of A and B. Explain the reaction mentioned.

8. Un unsaturated hydrocarbon A ( C4H8) on ozonolysis followed by hydrolysis gave an alkanone B (C3H6O) and alkanal C (CH2O). A reacted with hydrogen chloride then with magnesium under dry ether to produce E which when hydrolysed in acidic medium produced F. Compound G is isomeric to A, on ozonolysis followed by hydrolysis gave only H (C2H4O). Bromination of G produced I which when reacted with alcoholic KOH solution produced J. Treatment of J with sodium amine produced K. Determine the structural formula of all compounds from A to K.

9. Compound A (C3H8O) reacts with Na to produce B and hydrogen gas. A reacts with PCl5 to give C and hydrogen chloride, C reacts with Zn/cu couple in HCl acid to give D and C also reacts with Mg in dry ether to give E which reacts with H2O to give D. E also reacts with CO2 to give F (C4H7OMgCl) with on hydrolysis give G.

(i) Identify compound A to G

(ii) Write down balanced equation for the reactions in each step

(iii) Give one isomer of A which does not react in the same way.

10. Compound X ( C6H13OH) evolve H gas with metallic sodium. It gives an

Immediate separate layer in the Lucas test on reacting with Zn and HCl and

rapidly hydrated on acid treatment, oxidation of the alkene resulting from

dehydration gives a neutral compound Y formula C4H8O and an acid

substance Z formula C2H2O2. Determine the structural formula of the original

compound and of the neutral and the acidic substance whose molecular formula are given above.

11. Compound P ( C6H12O2) was boiled with an aqueous solution of NaOH and the product was acidified. Equimolar amount of Q and R were isolated. Q evolve CO2 when mixed with NaHCO3 when 25cm3 of a solution of Q containing 5.92g/dm3 are titrated with 0.1M NaOH, 20cc were required for neutralization with POP indicator. Treatment of R with acidified K2Cr2O7 solution gave S wich is a methyl ketone. Determine the structure of P, Q, R and S.

12. 4.52mg of an organic compound X, contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, on combustion produces 9.2mg of carbon dioxide and 2.88mg of water.

(a) Calculate the percentage composition of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

(b) Calculate the relative molar ratio of each element in compound X

13. 20cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon CXHY was mixed with 140cm3(excess) oxygen and exploded. After cooling the products, the mixture occupied 100cm3. Absorption by concentrated potassium hydroxide solution reduced the volume by 60cm3. The remaining gas was shown to be oxygen. Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon. (pressure constant at 1atm).

The compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only gave the It consist all books for booth advance level form five and form six. Which cover the all topic which related for Tanzanian syllabus 

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